How to Write a Paragraph About Yourself

How to Write a Paragraph About YourselfNow that you are going to start getting people to sign up for your article marketing campaign, you will need to learn how to write a paragraph about yourself. This way, the article you write will be more informative and interesting than if you simply throw out random information and start filling it with keywords and stuff.When you write a paragraph about yourself, make sure you write about one main thing. You should start your paragraph with a purpose or a goal that you have for yourself. This paragraph is your introduction to your business.Next, you should talk about your dreams and goals. You will want to tell everyone why they should join your niche and what your purpose is for the niche. You should explain why you believe in your niche and what you want people to achieve from your niche.Finally, you should talk about your experience in your niche. You can tell people about all of the ways that you have been successful. You can tell people a bout how you made it big in your niche and how you have succeeded. You can also tell them how you have learned everything there is to know about your niche.The paragraph you write about yourself should go on to explain the person that you are. You should tell people about who you are and why you have been successful in your niche.Then, you should tell people about what you are going to do to help them become successful. For example, you could tell people that you have this great program that will teach them how to be more successful with their niche.You should say that you have done different things in the past that you believe will help people become successful. Your paragraph should be filled with different ways to help people become successful in their niche.Keep in mind that each paragraph you write about yourself should focus on one thing. Your paragraphs should have one goal, one thing, and one person. Once you learn how to write a paragraph about yourself, you will soon see t hat it is an extremely powerful way to market yourself.

Subliminal Advertising :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Subconscious Advertising 1.) On TV, a typical method to impact a watcher is to streak messages or pictures for so brief period, that it nearly appears to be a glimmer that actually never occurred. Ways this has been utilized is by glimmering pictures that are satisfying to the eye, similar to a showy shading, or perhaps an image with sexual allusion. The least expensive method, typically utilized by individuals, similar to vehicle sales reps, is to ask the watcher a series of inquiries, which we as a whole realize will have the appropriate response yes. By doing this, the business prepares you to concur with any pitch they are attempting to make you purchase. 2.) A progressively clever approach to make you purchase an item is to program your feelings, addressing yourself, Would I be a terrible individual on the off chance that I don't by this item? For example, the individuals that might want you to give cash to the debilitated, hungry youngsters is some run-down town. They give you pictures of infants crying, grown-ups with scarcely any meat on their bones. The business at that point asserts that by your gift, you can spare an actual existence, yet on the off chance that you don't, you're allowing a real existence to life. This procedure is a successful way, yet I accept that there are a few morals engaged with intentionally altering one's feelings. 3.) A procedure normally depicted as utilizing popular expressions is discovered more in print than on TV or radio. In the event that we are looking through a paper and we see an energizing conspicuous word, our eyes will in general draw towards it. Organizations are completely mindful of this, so that’s why they streak words on their promotions like, FREE, NEW, Rush. Something about these words makes us need to perceive what the object is about, and to peruse the organization's advertisement. Presently when you do peruse the advertisement, there will be trendy expressions implanted into the promotion that don't look showy. It is consistently words that don't really have any noteworthy significance, yet they are included in any case. For instance, words like, natively constructed, improved, 100%, scrumptious, just to give some examples. 4.) Michael Jordan is selling you Gatorade, Jerry Seinfeld is backing up American Express, and Paul Reiser needs you to utilize AT&T. For what reason do these well known stars show up on advertisements and promotions? The object is to subconsciously give the item qualities that it never at any point merits, similar to riches, notoriety, and achievement.

Get Accepted To Harvard Business School [Free Webinar]

If you’re applying to Harvard Business School, then you’ll want to attend Accepted’s upcoming webinar,  Get Accepted to Harvard Business School. During the webinar, Linda Abraham, Accepted’s CEO and founder, will discuss important application tips that apply specifically to Harvard’s application, including 4 key steps for HBS acceptance! Mark your calendars! The webinar will air live on Tuesday, June 23th. [Please note: The June 24th 10:00 AM PT and the 5:00 PM PT sessions are now completely FULL.   We have opened up another webinar slot to meet demand and it will take place on June 23 at 5 PM PT.] Reserve your spot for Get Accepted to Harvard Business School  today and get one step closer to securing your seat in the Harvard HBS class of 2018! Get Accepted To Harvard Business School [Free Webinar] If you’re applying to Harvard Business School, then you’ll want to attend Accepted’s upcoming webinar,  Get Accepted to Harvard Business School. During the webinar, Linda Abraham, Accepted’s CEO and founder, will discuss important application tips that apply specifically to Harvard’s application, including 4 key steps for HBS acceptance! Mark your calendars! The webinar will air live on Tuesday, June 23th. [Please note: The June 24th 10:00 AM PT and the 5:00 PM PT sessions are now completely FULL.   We have opened up another webinar slot to meet demand and it will take place on June 23 at 5 PM PT.] Reserve your spot for Get Accepted to Harvard Business School  today and get one step closer to securing your seat in the Harvard HBS class of 2018!

Is Technology a Boost to Life or an Obstacle Essay examples

What is technology?.Technology is how people use and make modifications to everything that is in the environment as tools, knowledge, machines, techniques and even methods of organization in order to solve a problem or make something easier. Technology can significantly affect humans and animals to adapt to natural environments. Technology has played an important role in the development of the quality of life of humans and animals and has also played an important role in the conservation of our environment. Technology has been one of the areas were the mankind have always been interesting because how it can make daily lives and jobs different by all meaning. Throughout technology, Mankind had seen different eras pass by. In the beginning†¦show more content†¦The percentage of students taking online classes has improved from a 23% to a 45% and the average of online classes taken is two per online learner. Nowadays the cell phones are equipped with the last technology and we u sed them to do homework or interchange knowledge with somebody else. The smart phones can download a series of free encyclopedias that can give the right answer in any circumstance, you do not need to go to the library and look trough a bunch of dusty books to get an answer. In the classroom you can find top of the line technology as projectors and software that add to the class amazing videos or additional explanation. There is a computer in every classroom that gives the teacher the opportunity to clarify any doubt in minutes and find examples to support any ideas. Besides of the development that technology has brought to the learning environment, it has also brought some problems. In the text Good Intentions and Unanticipated Effects, John Nworie and Noela Haughton stated, â€Å"The nature of disruptions encountered by classroom teachers is changing. In the past, disruptions were typically student’s chewing gum, eating or taking naps during class, engaging in acts of incivility including the occasional brawl, and the like. These disturbances, in many ways, pale in comparison to those accompanying the use of technologies in today’s classrooms(Nworie and Haughton 52)†. The Internet can become an amazing tool to learn and teach in theShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Economic Growth Development1280 Words   |  6 PagesTitle Technology and economic growth Author Introduction/Significance of the Problem This is in an age of amazing technological transformation compelling people to consider the association between technology and economic growth. Fundamentally all economists agree that productivity growth is the key to doing better over the long term. A standard of living of any nation is the most important sign of national economic performance. The technology and economic growth combination yields human developmentRead MoreObjectives Of A Job Report In The Summer Training985 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.........2 Objectives of training†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 About KACST†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 About CITIR†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 My own job description†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Capabilities†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Obstacles and difficulties†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Acknowledgment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Introduction In this report I am going to describe what I`ve done in the summer training, and what it was about, and explain the objectives of training ,what IRead MoreWhat Are The Potential Changes Of A Business915 Words   |  4 Pageson the startup of new businesses. By having the government giving the opportunity of new startup businesses to create new businesses in the country; it will not only increase the country’s GDP growth, but it will also create jobs and bring in new technology from abroad. As for these reasons; we will consider the benefits of creating of a business, the taxes, and the fatalities of the downfall of a business. The creation of new businesses is one of the most important acts in a country. Some of theRead MoreHistory Of Physical Fitness And Exercise1287 Words   |  6 Pageshave thought of it as working out, but rather as a way of life. Centuries ago they did not have the machines and weights we have today, but yet people of that day were in better shape than the people of today. Physical development followed a natural path that was determined by the practical needs of life as well as the need to avoid threats and take advantage of opportunities for survival. To survive in a harsh environment filled with obstacles and human enemies, early man had to know how to run, walkRead MoreEssay about The Pros and Cons of Cloning1054 Words   |  5 Pagescloning to be valuable and productive. For example, Agricultural scientists use embryo cloning to boost the number of offspring from farm animals. They hope to use cloning as to increase the number of offspring from animals with desired traits, such as lean meat or above-average milk production. Research biologists also use the technique of cloning to study how animals develop during the early stages of life. Humans find interest in cloning because it can be used as medical treatment, such as forRead MoreAdvantages of Social Media for Teenagers Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesIn this modern era everyone is very into social media. Social media has become a part and parcel of everyone’s life. Even kindergarden students have at least a little knowledge on social media. Social media is defined as a relationship that exist between network and people. A very common and widely used example of social media would be web sites for social networking and microblogging. Examples of utmost used social networking sites are â€Å" Facebook Ë ® and â€Å" Twitter Ë ®. Nowadays coming across kids onRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Cyber Bullying1326 Words   |  6 PagesMontes 1 Michelle Montes Professor Diep and Professor Borla ENGL boost August 4, 2017 ROUGH DRAFT: Although bullying happens nationwide people, sometimes fail to acknowledge the importance of the topic and how it affects individuals and society. There are several ways the reality of bullying is taking place, which disrupts not only kids but also adults; whether it is physical, mental, or cyber bullying it is all contributing to promoting a barrier that may be perceived as negativity. However, fromRead MoreThree Great Men that Embodied the American Dream1381 Words   |  6 PagesThe American dream is based upon the drive to become successful in life. It is a social ideal that having both freedom and liberty will include opportunity for prosperity and success in America. America is the land of opportunity. We are the home of freedom and liberty. Any man, immigrant or native born, all want the same thing. That is to make money. The reason why I put so much emphasis on man is that during this period in America and when the American dream was the most emphasized was during theRead Mor eSports Is The Form Of Competitive Physical Activity1565 Words   |  7 Pagesof maintaining or improving physical ability and psychological health on one hand and the aim of providing enjoyment on the other. Sports forms an integral part of modern life as it boosts the economy of the country, encourages a positive spirit in the community, provides an intellect of idea and imparts knowledge of basic life skills. Sports coaching refer to the procedure of training, guiding, and motivating the individuals in preparing for the concerned sport (Jones Kingston, 2013). Sports scienceRead MoreMy College Career Changed My Life726 Words   |  3 Pagesfull-time employment. I was able to continue with my education for several more years, and then another bump in the road†¦divorce. I was now faced with being a single mom having the total responsibility of supporting my children and giving them a good life. I knew I would be unable to do that successfully without a degree, so I decide d I needed to get myself back to school. I still had to attend part-time, but I was moving forward. After several years went by, along with another few years of off and

Evening Over Sussex Reflections in a Motor Car by Virgina...

In â€Å"Evening Over Sussex: Reflections in a Motor Car† by Virginia Woolf, the narrator is riding in a car through the landscape of Sussex, as the day is approaching nightfall. In this journey, she appears to be depressed, due to the thought of aging. She then looks back into the past, contemplating her experiences, but develops a change in thought, changing from melancholy to delight, that changes her meaning of life. According to the statement by Hilliary Clark, â€Å"the process of self – othering†, what she meant is that you have to experience not only your current perception of the world, but also through other perceptions of the world, while trying to gain a new understanding of the world. Through this method, the narrator is able to experience and understand emotions that are meaningful to her. In this essay, she divides her impressions of her current self into â€Å"four selves†- the first two selves representing the decay of beauty, the third s elf being the current perspective of the narrator, with the fourth self being optimistic towards the future. The threshold that Woolf is crossing in her essay is her perception towards life and death and its significance towards the human experience, as she is using the justification that death is meaningful in our lives. Towards human perception, what Woolf is saying is that common patterns and daily routines, such as â€Å"Eggs and bacon...and then to bed,† suggests the continuation of emotion and thought that give rise to new meanings

Condoleezza Rice free essay sample

Rice The person I decided to write my paper on is Condoleezza Rice. I chose her because I feel that she has played an important role in African American history. Condoleezza excelled in her education at an early age. She also worked in the White House alongside other well-known individuals like the former President George Bush. She had to overcome many obstacles to get where she is today, and for that I admire her. Born on Nov 14, 1954, Condoleezza Rice was an only child. She learned to speak French and play the piano at an early age. After tracing her roots Condoleezza discovered that her ancestors were a part of the pre- Civil War era. Condoleezza entered the University of Denver at the age of 16 with plans of becoming a pianist. Rice also enjoyed figure skating in her younger years. Condoleezza made history by being the first African American woman to serve as Secretary of State from 2005-2009. We will write a custom essay sample on Condoleezza Rice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She also was the first African American woman to hold post head of the NSC. Condoleezza served as the nation’s security advisor from 2001-2004. During this time she was known to have a huge impact on the influences of advising President Bush. Condoleezza overcame many obstacles to achieve success. The hardest obstacle she faced would probably have been racism. The fact that she was African American did not sit well with many of her peers. Another obstacle she had to face to achieve success was the fact that she was a female. Back in those days I’m sure females were not expected to take certain jobs or positions. Condoleezza overcame these obstacles by focusing on her goals and not being intimidated. During her younger years Rice witnessed many acts of racism and prejudice. Although she didn’t let this deter her, she used it to motivate her to push further. I think these obstacles are what made Condoleezza set her goals so high at such an early age. Condoleezza graduated from high school at the age of 16. Education was very important to Rice as well as her parents. Her father ensured that she got the best possible education. He did this by sending her to an all-girls Catholic high school in Colorado. She was so well educated that she was able to enter college at the age of 16. I would say that there are two main things that inspired Condoleezza to achieve. Those two things are gender and race. I am inspired by her because she has shown me that with determination anything is possible. Had she gave up when others put her down or criticized her; she wouldn’t be where she is today. Reading up on Condoleezza has inspired me to want to better myself. Not just for my benefit, but for my family as well. I want my son to see my determination and drive and be proud of his mother. In her commencement at Vanderbilt University Rice wrote; â€Å"I remember the bombing of that Sunday school at 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham in 1963. I did not see it happen, but I heard it happen, and I felt it happen, just a few blocks away at my fathers church. It is a sound that I will never forget, that will forever reverberate in my ears. That bomb took the lives of four young girls, including my friend and playmate, Denise McNair. The crime was calculated to suck the hope out of young lives, bury their aspirations. But those fears were not propelled forward, those terrorists failed. [78]†. — Condoleezza Rice, Commencement 2004, Vanderbilt University, May 13, 2004 References â€Å"Smart, savvy, strong-willed Rice charts her own course (http:/ / www. cnn. com/ CNN/ Programs/ people/ shows/ rice/ profile. html). CNN. (2001) http://www. britannica. com. proxy. cecybrary. com/EBchecked/topic/862039/Condoleezza-Rice

Underwriting and Underpricing Essay Example

Underwriting and Underpricing Essay Underwriting spread represents the net proceeds that the underwriter will realize from the investment. It is the difference between the price per share that is paid to an issuing corporation by an underwriter or underwriting group, and the public offering price that the underwriter offers to the public. While traditionally the underwriting spread was viewed as compensation for underwriting the issue, it now has been introduced as an incentive fee where it act as bonus for investment bank when they performance better than expected.There has been evidence of clustering of spreads internationally, in the US spread is clustered at 7%( Chen+Ritter 2000), in Hong Kong 95% of fees are clustered at 2. 5%( torstia 2003) and in Europe fees range from 3-4%. In general, the more clustering presented in a country, the smaller the spread, vice versa. Furthermore, Esho et al (2004) analyzed the underwriting spread in Euro market found out that there is a positive and direct relationship between the fee charged by the investment banks and the reputation of the investment bank. (link to underpricing Underpricing refers to the first trading day closing price typically exceeds price at which the shares were offered to the public. Over 20 years, researchers investigated the underpricing puzzle associated with initial public offerings (IPOs). Ibboston1975, Ibbostson and Jaffe 1975 and Ritter 1984, among others, all document convincing evidence that initial public offerings are, on average underpriced. There are sufficient evidence of underpricing in UK (increase over time, from 3. 8% to 19%, Chambers and Dimson 2009), USA (40% between 1999-2003) and internationally(gt;15%).Visas offering in March 2008 is a good example of how IPOs are strategically underpriced. Although the IPO of Visa was an almost certain success, the price was kept at a low $44. As buyers ran in, the stock jumped to $69 and, although it fell back to $56. 40 by the close, there was a 28. 4% underpricing, thus lea ving a huge amount of the issuer’s money on the table. However, compared to the overpricing Facebook 2012 which made investors unhappy and damage the bank’s reputation, it can contribute to the reason why underwriters underprice the shares. Therefor it is clear that both underpricing and underwriting spread are costs for the issuer.Chen and Ritter (2000) explained the cost, by stating that underwriting spread was the direct compensation for IBs underwriting the issue and the level of underpricing was an indirect compensation. Smith (1986) also argued that the issuer seeks to maximize the issuer proceeds when it sells securities in an underwritten issue, and is not separately concerned about the underwriting spread or the offer price. Although underpricing and spread are both costs to issuers, issuers still consider the underwriting spread and underpricing together in an IPO based on the following reasons.The issuer’s objective is to minimize the underpricing and spread costs associated with its IPO of its common equity. More concerted effort by the underwriter or the choice of underwriters could reuce the underpricing costs associated with the offering. For instance, banks that specialize in underwriting firms from certain industries, or reputational investment banks may provide greater certification value for firm’s IPO and hence reduce its underwriting costs. In return, such banks could be expected to demand a higher spread as compensation.The spread could also be a function of the risk associated with the security and the size of the offering among other factors. If we consider the spread and underpricing from the underwriter’s view, according to the principal-agent theory, underwriter faces a trade off between the level of underpricing and the fee. This is because if they underprice they face less risk of not being able to sell the issue, but the fee can be dependent on the value of the issue. This shows there is a trade off between spread and underpricing.And the theory suggests the issuer should delegate the decision of deciding the fee and the level of underpricing to the underwriter so they can balance the costs. Because the issuers do not have enough information, do not actually decide. This view can be supported by early studies focus on asymmetric information, which is one of the reasons of underpricing. Baron (1982) argues that asymmetric information exists between underwriters(better informed) and the issuers(less informed), therefore, underwriters are able to price new issues below the market equilbrium to reduce the probability that they will absorb losses due to unsold shares.Another theory which is the efficient contract hypothesis, whereby banks do not compete on the fee/spread, this is fixed, but compete on other quality variables such as underpricing certification and reputation. This once again highlights there is a relationship between spread and underpricing, as if spread is fixed , underpricing is a means for competing against other underwriters. Evidence of this was found by Honsen (2001) where____ issues where spread was fixed at 7%, there was a higher variation of underpricing, suggesting underwriters were competing on underpricing as they were not on the spread charged.Both principal-agent theory and efficient contract hypothesis showed evidence that there is negative correlation between spread and underpricing. However, Kim et al. found out that there is strong evidence that over the long term, underpricing and underwriting spreads are positively related. In particular, low-quality issuers are charged both higher underwriting spread and initial returns as compared to high-quality issuers. This was specifically prominent in low quality issuers who were charged fee of 7. 3% and underpricing of 45. 21%, whilist high quality issuers were charged fees of 7. 39% and underpricing of 18. 92%. This suggests a complementary relationship between spread and underpr icing particularly for low quality issuers. However, Yeoman(2001) suggested net proceeds maximisation theory, whereby the spread and underpricing are substitutes and negatively related. The found evidence of this in his research of IPOs from 1988 to 1933, where there are trade offs that the underwriter must decide between.This was further supported by Ljungquist(2003) who also found a negative relationship between spread and underpricing and therefore as initial returns increased the spread decrease and vice versa. Therefore, there is mixed evidence on ____initial returns and underwriting spreads in IPOs are complements or substitutes, ___evidence found of both a positive and negative effect. However, it is clear that there is a strong relationship returns, that must be managed by both issuers and underwriters.